Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
The concept of homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment, despite changes in the external environment. This process is essential for the survival and proper functioning of living organisms. Homeostasis helps in regulating various physiological processes such as body temperature, blood sugar levels, and pH balance. One of the key mechanisms involved in homeostasis is feedback loops. These loops involve a stimulus, a receptor, a control center, and an effector. When the internal environment deviates from the set point, the receptor detects the change and sends signals to the control center. The control center then initiates a response through the effector to restore the internal environment to its normal state. For example, in the case of regulating body temperature, when the body gets too hot, the sweat glands are activated to produce sweat, which helps in cooling down the body. On the other hand, when the body gets too cold, the blood vessels constrict to reduce heat loss and shivering is triggered to generate heat. Moreover, homeostasis is maintained through various physiological processes such as osmoregulation, thermoregulation, and hormonal regulation. Osmoregulation involves the regulation of water and solute levels in the body to maintain proper balance. Thermoregulation helps in regulating body temperature by balancing heat production and heat loss. Hormonal regulation plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by releasing hormones that help in regulating various physiological processes. For instance, insulin and glucagon help in regulating blood sugar levels, while adrenaline helps in the fight or flight response during stress.- Homeostasis is a vital process that ensures the proper functioning and survival of organisms by maintaining a stable internal environment. It involves complex feedback loops and physiological processes that work together to keep the internal environment within a narrow range conducive to life.
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