Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
The process of protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes, in the cells of living organisms. Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are assembled, based on the instructions provided by the DNA. The first step in protein synthesis is transcription, where a section of DNA is copied into a molecule called mRNA. This mRNA molecule carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis will occur. Once the mRNA reaches the ribosomes, the process of translation begins. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosomes, based on the instructions encoded in the mRNA. The ribosomes then link these amino acids together in a specific order to form a protein molecule. The ribosomes act as the site of protein synthesis by providing a platform for the mRNA, tRNA, and amino acids to come together and interact. The ribosomes facilitate the binding of the tRNA molecules to the mRNA, allowing the amino acids to be added to the growing protein chain in the correct sequence. As the ribosomes move along the mRNA, they read the genetic code and assemble the amino acids accordingly. This process continues until the entire mRNA molecule has been translated and a complete protein has been synthesized.- Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes through the coordinated action of mRNA, tRNA, and amino acids. The ribosomes play a crucial role in this process by providing the necessary environment for the assembly of proteins based on the genetic information encoded in the DNA.
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