Overview of thorax from "summary" of Bd Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, Volume 1 by B. D. Chaurasia
The thorax is the part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen. It is a conical cavity, the base of which is directed upwards and the apex downwards. The thoracic cavity is bounded by the thoracic wall, which is formed by the sternum anteriorly, the ribs laterally and the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly. The thoracic cavity contains vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. The heart is a muscular pump located in the middle mediastinum. It is enclosed by the pericardium, a fibroserous sac. The lungs are paired organs located on either side of the heart. They are enclosed by the pleura, a serous membrane. The thoracic cavity is divided into three compartments by the mediastinum – the middle mediastinum, which contains the heart; the anterior mediastinum, which contains connective tissue and lymph nodes; and the posterior mediastinum, which contains the esophagus, thoracic aorta, and thoracic duct. The thoracic wall is formed by the sternum, which is a flat bone located in the anterior midline; the ribs, which are curved bones that articulate with the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly; and the thoracic vertebrae, which are the bones of the vertebral column that form the posterior part of the thoracic wall. The thorax also contains muscles that play a key role in respiration. The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration, separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. The intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and help to expand and contract the thoracic cavity during breathing.- The thorax is a vital region of the body that contains important organs such as the heart and lungs. It is bounded by the thoracic wall, which is formed by the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae. The thoracic cavity is divided into three compartments by the mediastinum, and contains muscles that are essential for respiration.
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