Natural selection acting on variations from "summary" of On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin
Natural selection, the principle by which each slight variation of a trait, if useful, is preserved, has been termed the most important factor in the production of new species. This process acts solely by accumulating slight, successive variations, which are beneficial to the organism in relation to its environment. These variations are inherited at a corresponding rate and are carried forward to future generations. The key point is that natural selection tends to preserve variations that are advantageous for survival and reproduction in a given environment, while eliminating those that are harmful. Variations that arise in individuals within a species are a result of genetic mutations, gene recombination, or other factors. These variations can include differences in physical characteristics...
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