Hormones regulate various physiological processes in the body from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands in the body. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes that are essential for the proper functioning of the body. One of the key functions of hormones is to maintain homeostasis, which refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. For example, insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. This helps to keep blood sugar levels within a normal range, which is essential for providing energy to the body's cells. Another hormone, cortisol, plays a role in the body's response to stress by increasing blood sugar levels and suppressing the immune system. Hormones also play a crucial role in growth and development. For instance, growth hormone is responsible for stimulating growth in children and adolescents. Thyroid hormones, on the other hand, regulate the body's metabolism and energy production. In addition, sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone play a role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive functions. Furthermore, hormones are involved in regulating the body's response to various stimuli. For example, adrenaline is a hormone that is released in response to stress or danger, preparing the body for the "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles. Similarly, the hormone melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle, helping to maintain a regular sleep pattern.- Hormones are essential for maintaining the body's internal balance and regulating various physiological processes. They play a crucial role in growth, metabolism, response to stress, and many other functions. Without hormones, the body would not be able to function properly, leading to various health problems.
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