Muscles of thorax from "summary" of Bd Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, Volume 1 by B. D. Chaurasia
The muscles of the thorax are classified into two groups: muscles of the thoracic wall and muscles of the respiratory diaphragm. The muscles of the thoracic wall comprise the external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, subcostal muscles, and transversus thoracis muscles. These muscles are located in the intercostal spaces between adjacent ribs and play a crucial role in respiration by elevating and depressing the ribs during inspiration and expiration. The external intercostal muscles are the most superficial muscles of the thoracic wall and are oriented in a caudal and lateral direction. These muscles are more prominent in the anterior part of the thorax and are involved in elevating the ribs during forced inspiration. The internal intercostal muscles lie deep to the external intercostal muscles and are oriented in a cranial and lateral direction. These muscles assist in depressing the ribs during forced expiration. The innermos...
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