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Negative emotions can be harmful from "summary" of Stoicism and Emotion by Margaret Graver

Negative emotions are often viewed as natural and unavoidable aspects of human experience. However, the Stoics argue that these emotions can be harmful, leading individuals astray from reason and virtue. In their philosophy, negative emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness are considered disturbances of the soul that disrupt the rational faculty and hinder moral development. According to Stoic teachings, the goal of life is to live in accordance with reason and virtue, striving for inner tranquility and harmony. Negative emotions are seen as obstacles to this goal, clouding judgment and leading individuals to act in ways that are contrary to their true nature. For example, fear can paralyze individuals and prevent them from taking necessary risks, while anger can cloud judgment and lead to rash decisions. Stoicism emphasizes the importance of cultivating inner resilience and maintaining a sense of inner calm in the face of adversity. By learning to control their emotions and respond rationally to external events, individuals can develop a sense of inner peace and strength. Negative emotions, on the other hand, are seen as disturbances that disrupt this inner harmony and lead individuals astray from their true path. In the Stoic view, negative emotions are not only harmful to the individual but also to society as a whole. When individuals act out of fear, anger, or other negative emotions, they are more likely to harm others and disrupt the social order. By learning to control their emotions and act in accordance with reason and virtue, individuals can contribute to the greater good and create a more harmonious society.
  1. The Stoics argue that negative emotions are not an inevitable part of human experience but rather a result of misguided beliefs and judgments. By examining their beliefs and learning to respond to external events with reason and virtue, individuals can overcome negative emotions and achieve a greater sense of inner peace and fulfillment.
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Stoicism and Emotion

Margaret Graver

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