Language can reflect social hierarchies from "summary" of Conversational Style by Deborah Tannen
In conversations, people often use language that reflects social hierarchies. This can be seen in the way individuals address each other, the tone they use, and the topics they discuss. For example, in some cultures, it is considered respectful to use titles or formal language when speaking to someone of higher social status. This linguistic practice reinforces the existing social hierarchy and establishes a clear power dynamic between the speakers. Furthermore, the way people express their opinions and assert themselves in conversation can also reveal social hierarchies. Those who hold positions of power or authority may use more assertive language and dominate the conversation, while those in subordinate positions may use more hesitant language and defer to others. This dynamic can reinforce existing power structures and make it difficult for individuals lower in the social hierarchy to challenge or question those in positions of authority. Moreover, the topics that people choose to discuss in conversation can also reflect social hierarchies. For example, individuals in positions of power may steer the conversation towards topics that are of interest to them or that highlight their expertise, while those in subordinate positions may be expected to follow their lead and contribute to the conversation in a more limited way. This can create a sense of exclusion or marginalization for those who are not part of the dominant social group. In sum, language plays a crucial role in reflecting and reinforcing social hierarchies in conversation. The way people address each other, assert themselves, and choose topics to discuss all contribute to the establishment and maintenance of power dynamics within social interactions. By being mindful of these linguistic practices, individuals can work towards creating more equitable and inclusive conversations that allow for a diversity of voices to be heard and respected.
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