Entropy quantifies a system's disorder from "summary" of Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics by Herbert B. Callen
Entropy, a fundamental concept in thermodynamics, serves as a measure of a system's disorder. The notion that entropy is related to disorder is a concept that has been widely accepted and has proven to be a useful tool in understanding the behavior of systems. By considering a system's entropy, we can gain insights into the system's characteristics and predict its behavior under different conditions. When we speak of disorder in the context of entropy, we are referring to the number of ways in which the system's microscopic constituents can be arranged to produce the same macroscopic state. In other words, entropy quantifies the level of randomness or uncertainty in a system. A highly ordered system, where the positions and velocities of all particles are precisely known, has low entropy. On the other hand, a disordered system, where the particles' positions and velocities are random, has high entropy. The relationship between entropy and disorder can be understood by considering the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system always tends to increase over time. This ...
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