Hormones regulate various physiological processes from "summary" of NCERT Solutions - Biology for Class 12th by Dr. Madhurbhashini,Sargam Hans,Shanya Hans
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands in our body. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. Each hormone has a specific target organ or tissue where it exerts its effects. For example, insulin produced by the pancreas regulates blood glucose levels by acting on liver, muscle, and fat cells. The endocrine system works in coordination with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis in our body. Hormones help in regulating metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, and responses to stress. For instance, thyroid hormones control metabolism by influencing the rate at which cells use oxygen and produce energy. Growth hormone promotes growth in children and adolescents by stimulating cell division and protein synthesis. Hormones also play a key role in the reproductive system. For example, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) regulate the menstrual cycle in females and sperm production in males. Estrogen and progesterone are female sex hormones that control the development of secondary sexual characteristics and menstrual cycle. In addition to these functions, hormones are also involved in the body's response to stress. The adrenal glands release cortisol and adrenaline in response to stress, helping the body to cope with challenging situations. These hormones increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels to prepare the body for a fight-or-flight response.- Hormones are essential for maintaining the internal balance of our body and ensuring that all physiological processes function smoothly. Any disruption in hormone levels can lead to various health problems and disorders. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of hormones in regulating different body functions and to take care of our endocrine system for overall well-being.
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