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Amendment of the Constitution from "summary" of Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
The Constitution of India is not a rigid document because it provides for its amendment. However, the amending process is neither too easy nor too difficult. The Constitution can be amended by the Parliament, but the amending bill must be passed in each House by a special majority. A special majority means a majority of the total membership of that House and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting. This provision is laid down in Article 368 of the Constitution. There are three types of amendments to the Constitution of India. The first type includes those that can be passed by a simple majority of the Parliament. Such amendments do not require ratification by the states. The second type includes those that must be passed by a special majority of the Parliament, and they must also be ratified by at least half of the state legislatures. The third type includes those that must be passed by a special majority of the Parliament and ratified by a...
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