Transcendental moral philosophy from "summary" of Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals by Immanuel Kant
Transcendental moral philosophy aims to discover whether there is any moral principle that is a priori, or that is not based on experience, as is the case with other empirical sciences. It seeks to establish whether there is a basis for morality that is universally valid, regardless of cultural or personal differences. Kant argues that the moral law must be based on reason alone, as opposed to emotions or desires. This law must be universal, applying to all rational beings, and necessary, meaning that it is not contingent on any particular circumstances. In this way, moral principles can be discovered through pure reason, without the need for empirical evidence. According to Kant, the moral law is derived from the concept of duty. An action is morally good not because of its consequences, but because it is done out of a sense of duty. This duty is determined by rational principles that are binding on all rational b...
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