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Representativeness heuristic leads to faulty judgments from "summary" of Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman
The representativeness heuristic is the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how closely it resembles a prototype or stereotype. When people rely on this heuristic, they often make judgments without considering other relevant information. This can lead to faulty judgments because the representativeness heuristic ignores base rates and the size of the reference class. For example, when people are asked to judge the probability that a person is an engineer given a description that matches the stereotype of an engineer, they often overlook the fact that there are more lawyers than engineers in the population. This leads them to overestimate the likelihood that the person is an engineer simply based on the representativenes...
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