Thermal stress can result from temperature changes in materials from "summary" of Stress and Strain by Winthrop Dickinson Means
When materials are subjected to changes in temperature, they may experience thermal stress. This phenomenon occurs because different materials expand or contract at different rates when exposed to temperature variations. The resulting stress can cause deformation or even structural failure in the material. The temperature-induced stress in a material is essentially a result of the material's attempt to maintain its shape and integrity in response to thermal expansion or contraction. As the material heats up, its molecules vibrate more rapidly and push against each other, causing the material to expand. Conversely, when the material cools down, the molecules slow down and move closer together, leading to contraction. In cases where a material is constrained from expanding or contracting freely, such as being sandwiched between two ri...
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