Brittle materials are more susceptible to stress failure than ductile materials from "summary" of Stress and Strain by Winthrop Dickinson Means
Brittle materials, such as glass and ceramics, are known for their tendency to fail suddenly and catastrophically under stress. This is due to their lack of plastic deformation capability, which means that they do not easily change shape when subjected to external forces. In contrast, ductile materials, like metals and some polymers, are able to undergo significant deformation before ultimately breaking. This difference in behavior is crucial when considering the susceptibility of materials to stress failure. When a brittle material is subjected to stress, it is more likely to reach its ultimate strength quickly and fracture without warning. This is because the material does not have the ability to redistribute the stress through plastic deformation, leading to the concentration of stress at localized points within the material. As a result, brittle materials are inherently more vulnerable to sudden failure under high stress conditions. In contrast, ductile materials are able to deform plastically when stressed, allowing them to absorb and dissipate energy before reaching their ultimate strength. This plastic deformation helps to distribute the stress more evenly throughout the material, reducing the likelihood of stress concentrations and sudden failure. As a result, ductile materials exhibit a more gradual and predictable failure behavior compared to brittle materials.- The difference in susceptibility to stress failure between brittle and ductile materials can be attributed to their respective deformation capabilities. Brittle materials lack the ability to deform plastically, making them more prone to sudden failure under stress. In contrast, ductile materials can undergo significant plastic deformation, which allows them to absorb energy and resist failure more effectively. This fundamental distinction highlights the importance of material properties in determining their response to external forces and their overall reliability in engineering applications.
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