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Tolerance develops as the brain becomes less responsive to dopamine from "summary" of Never Enough by Judith Grisel

When we first consume a drug, our brain is flooded with dopamine, a neurotransmitter that signals pleasure. This surge of dopamine creates an intense high, leading to feelings of euphoria and reward. Over time, however, the brain adapts to this excessive dopamine by reducing its sensitivity to the neurotransmitter. This process is known as tolerance, where the same amount of drug no longer produces the same level of pleasure as before. As tolerance develops, individuals often find themselves needing to consume larger doses of the drug to achieve the desired effects. This cycle of increasing drug intake further desensitizes the brain to dopamine, perpetuating the tolerance even more. The brain becomes less responsive to the neurotransmitter, requiring higher and higher doses of the drug to experience the same level of pleasure. This decrease in dopamine sensitivity not only contributes to tolerance but also leads to other negative consequences. For example, individuals may experience withdrawal symptoms when they are not using the drug, as their brain struggles to produce enough dopamine to maintain normal functioning. This can result in feelings of depression, anxiety, and physical discomfort. Additionally, the reduced dopamine sensitivity can impact an individual's ability to experience pleasure from natural rewards, such as food, sex, or social interactions. This can further drive drug-seeking behavior, as individuals may turn to drugs to compensate for the lack of pleasure in their everyday lives.
  1. Tolerance is a complex process that involves the brain's adaptation to excessive dopamine levels. As the brain becomes less responsive to this neurotransmitter, individuals experience diminishing effects from the drug, leading to a cycle of increased drug intake and further desensitization. This process not only contributes to the development of tolerance but also has far-reaching implications for an individual's overall well-being and quality of life.
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Never Enough

Judith Grisel

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