Enzymes play a crucial role in metabolic reactions from "summary" of NCERT Solutions - Biology for Class 12th by Dr. Madhurbhashini,Sargam Hans,Shanya Hans
Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions within living organisms. They play a critical role in metabolic reactions by lowering the activation energy required for these reactions to occur. This allows metabolic processes to proceed at a suitable rate for maintaining life. Enzymes are highly specific in their function, with each enzyme catalyzing a particular reaction. This specificity is due to the unique shape of the enzyme's active site, which binds to specific substrates. Once bound, the enzyme facilitates the conversion of substrates into products, which are then released. Enzymes are essential for various metabolic processes, such as digestion, respiration, and synthesis of molecules like proteins and nucleic acids. Without enzymes, these processes would be too slow to sustain life. Enzymes also help regulate metabolic pathways by controlling the rate of specific reactions. Enzyme activity can be influenced by several factors, including temperature, pH, and substrate concentration. Optimal conditions for enzyme activity vary for different enzymes, and deviations from these conditions can affect enzyme function. Extreme conditions can denature enzymes, rendering them inactive. Enzymes can be inhibited by molecules that bind to the enzyme and prevent it from catalyzing reactions. This inhibition can be reversible or irreversible, depending on the nature of the inhibitor. Inhibitors play a crucial role in regulating metabolic pathways and maintaining homeostasis.- Enzymes are indispensable for metabolic reactions in living organisms. Their specificity, catalytic efficiency, and regulatory roles make them essential for sustaining life. Understanding the role of enzymes in metabolism is fundamental to comprehending the biochemical processes that occur within cells.
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