Genetic disorders are caused by mutations in the DNA sequence from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
Genetic disorders are caused by mutations in the DNA sequence. These mutations can be inherited from parents or acquired during an individual's lifetime. Mutations can occur in any of the genes that make up an organism's DNA, leading to changes in the proteins that are produced by those genes. These changes can disrupt normal cellular functions and lead to the development of genetic disorders. Mutations can take many different forms, including changes in a single nucleotide (called point mutations), deletions or insertions of nucleotides, or rearrangements of larger sections of DNA. The effects of these mutations can vary depending on where they occur in the DNA sequence and what genes are affected. Some mutations may have no effect on an individual's health, while others can cause severe genetic disorders. Genetic disorders can be classified into different categories based on their inheritance patterns and the types of mutations involved. For example, some genetic disorders are caused by mutations in a single gene (monogenic disorders), while others are caused by mutations in multiple genes (polygenic disorders). In addition, some genetic disorders are inherited in a dominant fashion, meaning that only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to cause the disorder, while others are inherited in a recessive fashion, meaning that both copies of the gene must be mutated. In some cases, genetic disorders can also be caused by changes in the number of copies of a particular gene or chromosome. For example, individuals with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21, which leads to a variety of physical and developmental symptoms. These types of genetic disorders are known as chromosomal disorders.- Mutations in the DNA sequence are a common cause of genetic disorders. By understanding the genetic basis of these disorders, researchers can develop new treatments and interventions to help individuals affected by these conditions.
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