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Municipalities in India from "summary" of Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
Municipalities in India are institutions of local self-government that play a crucial role in the democratic setup of the country. They are established under the provisions of the Constitution of India, which lays down the framework for their organization and functioning. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 brought about significant changes in the structure of municipalities, empowering them with greater responsibilities and powers to ensure effective urban governance. There are three types of municipalities in India - Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils, and Nagar Panchayats. Municipal Corporations are established in large cities, Municipal Councils in smaller towns, and Nagar Panchayats in areas transitioning from rural to urban. Each municipality is headed by a Mayor (in the case of Municipal Corporations) or a Chairperson (in the case of Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats), who is elected by the members of the municipality. Municipalities in India have been entrusted with a wide range of functions, including urban planning, regulation of land use, provision of basic amenities such as water supply, sanitation, and...
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