Emergency provisions ensure smooth functioning during crisis situations from "summary" of Indian Polity by J.C. Johari
Emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution are designed to ensure the smooth functioning of the government during crisis situations. These provisions allow the government to take extraordinary measures in times of emergency to maintain law and order, protect national security, and safeguard the interests of the country. There are three types of emergencies outlined in the Constitution: national emergency, state emergency, and financial emergency. A national emergency can be declared in the event of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. During a national emergency, the central government is granted special powers to deal with the situation effectively. This includes the power to suspend fundamental rights, extend the term of the Lok Sabha, and take control of the states' administration. However, the declaration of a national emergency must be approved by the President and ratified by Parliament. A state emergency, also known as President's Rule, can be imposed on a state if there is a breakdown of the constitutional machinery. In such cases, the state government is dismissed, and the Governor takes over the administration with the help of advisors appointed by the President. This ensures that the state functions smoothly until normalcy is restored. A financial emergency can be declared if the financial stability or credit of the country is threatened. During a financial emergency, the President can issue directions to the states to follow a specified financial plan and can also take control of the financial resources of the states. This helps in stabilizing the country's economy and ensuring that essential services are not disrupted.- Emergency provisions play a crucial role in ensuring that the government can effectively deal with crisis situations and maintain stability in the country. By providing a legal framework for extraordinary measures, these provisions help in balancing the need for strong government action with the protection of individual rights and democratic principles.
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