Constitutional amendments from "summary" of Indian Polity and Constitution Book by Mocktime Publication
Constitutional amendments are changes or modifications made to the Constitution of a country. In the case of India, amendments to the Constitution are governed by Article 368, which outlines the procedure for amending the Constitution. The process of amending the Constitution is a crucial aspect of ensuring that it remains relevant and in line with the changing needs of society. The power to amend the Constitution lies with the Parliament of India, which can initiate amendments by introducing a bill in either House of Parliament. The bill must then be passed by a majority of the total membership of each House, as well as by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. Once passed by both Houses of Parliament, the bill is presented to the President for assent. The President has the authority to either give their assent to the bill or withhold it. If the President gives their assent, the bill becomes law and the Constitution is amended accordingly. However, if the President withholds their assent, the bill does not become law and the Constitution remains unchanged. In addition to the above process, there are certain provisions in the Constitution that require a special majority for amendment. These provisions include matters related to the federal structure of the Constitution, the representation of states in Parliament, and the powers of the President. Amendments to these provisions require not only a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting but also the support of at least half the total membership of each House.- The process of amending the Constitution is a carefully regulated one, designed to ensure that changes to the fundamental law of the land are made only after thorough debate and consideration. Constitutional amendments play a vital role in shaping the legal and political landscape of a country, and the process by which they are made is a reflection of the democratic principles on which the Constitution is based.
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