The commonwealth is a body politic with the sovereign as its head from "summary" of Hobbes: Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes
The commonwealth, or civil state, is akin to a body politic in which the sovereign acts as its head. Just as the head governs and directs the body, so does the sovereign have the authority to rule and govern the commonwealth. This analogy serves to illustrate the relationship between the sovereign and the citizens within the political entity. In this framework, the sovereign possesses absolute authority and power over the commonwealth. This authority is not to be questioned or challenged by the subjects, as it is essential for maintaining order and preventing chaos within the state. The sovereign's decisions and commands are to be obeyed without hesitation, as they are in the best interest of the entire body politic. The citizens, or members of the commonwealth, are like the parts of the body that work together under the direction of the head. Each citizen has a role to play in society, and their actions should align with the overall goals and objectives set forth by the sovereign. By following the sovereign's commands, the citizens contribute to the well-being and stability of the commonwealth as a whole. Furthermore, just as the body relies on the head for guidance and direction, so do the citizens rely on the sovereign for governance and protection. The sovereign is responsible for upholding the laws and ensuring the security and welfare of the commonwealth. In return, the citizens owe their allegiance and loyalty to the sovereign, acknowledging their role as the ultimate authority within the political entity.- The concept of the commonwealth as a body politic with the sovereign as its head emphasizes the hierarchical structure of political authority. The sovereign's supremacy is essential for maintaining order and unity within the state, while the citizens play a crucial role in supporting and upholding the sovereign's rule. This framework provides a clear and coherent understanding of the relationship between the ruler and the ruled in the context of a civil society.
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