Nationalism can lead to exclusion and conflict from "summary" of Imagined Communities by Benedict Anderson
The idea that nationalism can give rise to exclusion and conflict is a crucial aspect of the way in which people come together to form imagined communities. Nationalism operates by creating a sense of belonging and connection among people who may never meet or interact with each other. This imagined community is built upon shared symbols, values, and narratives that bind individuals together in a common identity. However, the very act of defining who belongs to this imagined community necessarily involves excluding others. This exclusion is often based on characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, or language. In defining themselves as a unique and special group, nationalists must by default define others as outside of this group. This process of exclusion can lead to discrimination, marginalization, and even violence against those deemed to be outsiders. Moreover, nationalism often involves the creation of a narrative of historical continuity and unity that may be based on myths or half-truths. This narrative can be used to justify the exclusion of cert...
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