Addiction is a chronic brain disease from "summary" of Drugs, Addiction, and the Brain by George F. Koob,Michael A. Arends,Michel Le Moal
The concept that addiction is a chronic brain disease is rooted in the understanding of how drugs and alcohol affect the brain. When a person consumes these substances, they interact with the brain's reward system, causing a surge of dopamine that creates feelings of pleasure and reinforces the behavior of drug use. Over time, repeated drug use can lead to changes in the brain's structure and function, specifically in areas related to decision-making, impulse control, and stress regulation. These changes can make it difficult for a person to control their drug use, even when they are aware of the negative consequences. This loss of control is a hallmark of addiction and is driven by alterations in the brain that prioritize drug seeking and use above other activities necessary for survival. In this way, addiction can be seen as a maladaptive form of learning, where the brain rewires itself to prioritize drug use over behaviors that promote health and well-being. The chronic nature of addiction stems from the fact that these brain changes can persist long after a person stops using drugs or alcohol. This means that even after a period of abstinence, a person with addiction may still experience cravings, triggers, and the risk of relapse. These lingering effects underscore the need for ongoing treatment and support to help individuals manage their addiction and prevent future substance use. By recognizing addiction as a chronic brain disease, we can shift the focus from moral judgment and personal weaknesses to a more compassionate and evidence-based understanding of addiction as a complex and multifaceted condition. This perspective highlights the importance of treating addiction as a medical issue that requires comprehensive and long-term care to address the underlying brain changes and support lasting recovery.
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