Superego enforces moral standards from "summary" of A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis BY Sigmund Freud by Sigmund Freud
The superego, one of the three major components of the psyche according to Freud, plays a critical role in enforcing moral standards within an individual. It acts as an internalized representation of societal norms, values, and expectations that have been instilled during the process of socialization. In essence, the superego functions as a kind of internal moral compass that guides an individual's thoughts, behaviors, and actions towards what is considered socially acceptable or morally right. This internalization of moral standards begins during childhood through the process of identification with authority figures such as parents, teachers, or other significant individuals. These figures serve as models for behavior, and the child internalizes their values and beliefs, forming the basis of the superego. As the child grows and develops, this internalization becomes more complex and nuanced, incorporating not only explicit rules and regulations but also more subtle social norms and expectations. The superego operates through two main mechanisms: conscience and ego ideal. The conscience represents the internalization of prohibitions and restrictions, reflecting societal taboos and moral standards. When an individual violates these standards, the conscience responds with feelings of guilt, shame, or anxiety. On the other hand, the ego ideal represents the internalization of positive values and aspirations, reflecting societal ideals and values. When an individual lives up to these standards, the ego ideal rewards them with feelings of pride, satisfaction, or accomplishment. Through these mechanisms, the superego exerts a powerful influence on an individual's thoughts, behaviors, and emotions, shaping their sense of right and wrong, good and bad. It serves as a regulator of behavior, constantly monitoring and evaluating one's actions in relation to societal standards. In this way, the superego enforces moral standards not through external coercion or punishment but through internalized norms and values that guide and constrain an individual's behavior.- The concept of the superego as the enforcer of moral standards highlights the complex interplay between individual psychology and societal norms. It underscores the importance of socialization in shaping an individual's moral development and the internalization of external standards of right and wrong. The superego functions as a mechanism for self-regulation, ensuring conformity to societal expectations and values, even in the absence of external oversight or control.
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