Moral theory from "summary" of Utilitarianism and On Liberty by John Stuart Mill
Moral theory is a philosophical concept that seeks to provide a framework for determining right and wrong actions. It is a system of principles or rules that guide individuals in making ethical decisions. In the context of Utilitarianism, moral theory is centered around the principle of utility, which holds that actions are morally right to the extent that they promote happiness or pleasure, and morally wrong to the extent that they produce unhappiness or pain. Utilitarianism posits that the ultimate goal of morality is to maximize the overall well-being of sentient beings. This is based on the belief that happiness is intrinsically valuable and should be pursued for its own sake. According to this moral theory, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its consequences - specifically, the amount of happiness or suffering it produces. In the Utilitarian framework, moral decisions are made by calculating the expected utility of each possible action and choosing the one that maximizes overall happiness. This requires individuals t...
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