Gender roles are shaped by cultural norms and expectations from "summary" of The Psychology of Sex Differences by Eleanor E. Maccoby,Carol Nagy Jacklin
Gender roles are not fixed or inherent but rather, they are shaped by cultural norms and expectations. These roles are not predetermined by biology, but rather by the society in which individuals are raised. From a young age, children are socialized into specific gender roles based on the expectations of their community. Boys are taught to be strong, independent, and assertive, while girls are encouraged to be nurturing, empathetic, and compliant. These cultural norms and expectations are reinforced through various social institutions, such as family, school, media, and religion. Parents often unconsciously reinforce these gender roles by providing different toys, clothing, and activities based on the perceived gender of their child. Schools may also unintentionally perpetuate these roles through gendered curriculum and teaching practices. The media plays a significant role in shaping gender roles by portraying stereotypical images of masculinity and femininity. Advertisements, television shows, and movies often depict men as strong, dominant, and successful, while women are portrayed as passive, submissive, and focused on their appearance. These representations can influence how individuals perceive themselves and others, and can reinforce gender stereotypes. Religion can also play a role in shaping gender roles by promoting specific beliefs and values about the roles of men and women in society. For example, some religions may encourage traditional gender roles, where men are seen as leaders and providers, while women are expected to be caregivers and homemakers.- Gender roles are not innate but are rather a product of cultural norms and expectations. These roles are continually reinforced and perpetuated through various social institutions, shaping how individuals perceive themselves and others. By understanding the influence of culture on gender roles, we can begin to challenge and change these societal expectations.
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