Metallic properties tend to increase across a period from "summary" of The Periodic Table: A Very Short Introduction by Eric R. Scerri
The trend of increasing metallic properties across a period on the periodic table is a fundamental principle of chemistry. As one moves from left to right across a period, the metallic properties of elements tend to increase. This trend can be explained by the atomic structure and electronic configuration of elements. Metals are characterized by their ability to conduct electricity and heat, as well as their luster and malleability. These properties arise from the presence of loosely held electrons in the outermost energy level of metal atoms. In general, metals tend to lose electrons easily, forming positively charged ions known as cations. Across a period, the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of elements increases, leading to a greater tendency to lose electrons and exhibit metallic behavior. This is because elements on the left side of the periodic table have fewer electrons in their outer energy level, making it easier for them to lose electrons and form cations. On the other hand, nonmetals, which are located on the right side of the periodic table, tend to gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. This results in the formation of negatively charged ions known as anions. Nonmetals generally have properties that are opposite to those of metals, such as poor conductivity and lack of luster. Transition metals, which are located in the middle of the periodic table, exhibit characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. They have variable oxidation states and can form a variety of compounds with different properties. Transition metals are known for their colorful compounds and catalytic properties.- The trend of increasing metallic properties across a period is a reflection of the changing electronic configurations and chemical behavior of elements. By understanding this trend, chemists can predict the properties of elements and their compounds, leading to a deeper understanding of the periodic table and the behavior of matter.
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