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Number sense is an innate cognitive ability present in humans and animals from "summary" of The Number Sense by Stanislas Dehaene
The innate cognitive ability to understand numbers manifests in various forms across species, revealing a fundamental aspect of cognition that transcends language and culture. This ability enables both humans and animals to perceive quantities, make comparisons, and engage in basic arithmetic. From the earliest stages of development, infants demonstrate a sensitivity to numerical differences, showing a preference for larger quantities over smaller ones. Research has unveiled that many animal species, from primates to birds, possess a similar numerical intuition. For instance, studies with monkeys reveal their ability to estimate and choose larger quantities of food, suggesting a primitive yet sophisticated understanding of numerical concepts. Such abilities hint at an evolutionary advantage, as those equipped with better quantitative skills could more effectively navigate their environments, locate resources, and avoid predators. The neural mechanisms underlying this numerical cognition involve specific brain regions that process numerical information. The intraparietal sulcus, for example, plays a crucial role in the approximation and manipulation of numerical values. This suggests a phylogenetic continuity, where similar brain structures are adapted in various species to facilitate numerical understanding. Cultural influences further refine this innate ability, as exposure to numerical symbols and systems enhances the skills developed through evolution. However, the core of this cognitive capacity remains rooted in a shared biological heritage. The interplay between innate mechanisms and cultural learning shapes how individuals interact with numbers throughout their lives. Thus, the innate understanding of numerical concepts is not merely a human trait but a fundamental cognitive skill that supports survival across many species. This universal capability highlights the deep connections between numerical cognition, evolution, and the diverse manifestations of intelligence in the animal kingdom.
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