Neurons transmit electrical signals in the body from "summary" of The Biology Book by DK
Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. They are specialized cells that are able to receive, process, and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. When a neuron receives a signal, it generates an electrical impulse called an action potential. This action potential travels down the length of the neuron, allowing it to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands. Neurons are made up of several parts that are essential for their function. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles that keep the neuron alive and functioning. Dendrites are branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons. The axon is a long, slender projection that carries the action potential away from the cell body. At the end of the axon are terminal branches that release neurotransmitters, chemical messengers that allow neurons to communicate with each other. When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse, the small gap between neurons. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons, initiating a new electrical signal in the receiving neuron. This process allows signals to be transmitted rapidly and efficiently throughout the nervous system. Neurons are able to transmit signals quickly and precisely due to their unique structure and function. The myelin sheath, a fatty insulating layer that surrounds the axon, helps to speed up the transmission of electrical signals. In addition, neurons are able to generate action potentials in response to specific stimuli, allowing them to respond to changes in their environment.- Neurons play a crucial role in the communication and coordination of the body's systems. By transmitting electrical signals, neurons enable the brain to process information, the spinal cord to relay messages, and the peripheral nervous system to control movement and sensation. This intricate network of neurons allows the body to respond to its surroundings and maintain homeostasis.
