Genes determine inherited traits from "summary" of The Biology Book by DK
One of the fundamental principles in biology is the idea that genes play a crucial role in determining the traits that are passed down from one generation to the next. Genes are the basic units of heredity, carrying the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. These instructions are encoded in the DNA molecules that make up the genes. Each gene contains a specific sequence of nucleotides that determines the structure and function of a particular protein. Inherited traits are characteristics that are passed down from parents to offspring through their genes. These traits can include physical features, such as eye color or hair texture, as well as physiological traits, like blood type or susceptibility to certain diseases. The specific combination of genes that an individual inherits from their parents will ultimately determine which traits they exhibit. The process of inheriting traits from one generation to the next is known as heredity. Through a complex series of genetic mechanisms, genes are passed down from parents to offspring, ensuring that certain traits are maintained within a population. This process of genetic inheritance is essential for the survival and evolution of species. It is important to note that while genes play a central role in determining inherited traits, they are not the sole factor. Environmental influences can also play a significant role in shaping an individual's traits. For example, exposure to certain chemicals or nutrients can affect gene expression and ultimately influence the traits that are expressed. Despite the influence of environmental factors, genes remain a critical determinant of inherited traits. The unique combination of genes that an individual receives from their parents helps to shape their physical and physiological characteristics. This concept of genetic inheritance is a key principle in biology, providing insights into the mechanisms that govern the diversity and complexity of life on Earth.
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