Plastic strain results in permanent deformation from "summary" of Stress and Strain by Winthrop Dickinson Means
Plastic strain is a term used to describe the permanent deformation that occurs in a material when it is subjected to stress beyond its elastic limit. This means that the material undergoes a change in shape that is not reversible when the stress is removed. In other words, the material will not return to its original shape once the force causing the deformation is no longer present. When a material is subjected to stress, it will first deform elastically, meaning that it will change shape temporarily but return to its original shape once the stress is removed. However, if the stress exceeds a certain threshold, known as the yield point, the material will begin to deform plastically. This is because the atoms in the material are being rearranged in such a way that they are unable to return to their original positions. The process of plastic deformation involves the breaking of bonds between atoms in the material, allowing them to move past one another and rearrange themselves in a new configuration. This rearrangement of atoms results in a change in the shape of the material that is not reversible. Plastic deformation is often accompanied by the formation of dislocations in the material, which are defects or irregularities in the atomic structure that allow atoms to move more easily. These dislocations help to facilitate the movement of atoms past one another, leading to the permanent deformation of the material. In summary, plastic strain results in permanent deformation because it involves the rearrangement of atoms in a material in such a way that they are unable to return to their original positions. This process of plastic deformation is irreversible and leads to a change in the shape of the material that persists even after the stress causing the deformation is removed.
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