Fatigue failure occurs due to repeated loading and unloading of materials from "summary" of Stress and Strain by Winthrop Dickinson Means
Fatigue failure is a common phenomenon in materials subjected to repeated loading and unloading. This type of failure occurs when a material is exposed to cyclic stresses over time, leading to the development of cracks and ultimately structural failure. The process of fatigue failure is insidious, as it may not be immediately apparent and often occurs without warning. When a material is subjected to cyclic loading, the stress levels fluctuate between maximum and minimum values. As the material is loaded and unloaded repeatedly, micro-cracks begin to form and propagate within the structure. These cracks may initially be small and undetectable, but over time they can grow in size and eventually lead to catastrophic failure. The development of fatigue cracks is influenced by a variety of factors, including the material properties, the magnitude of the applied stresses, the number of loading cycles, and the presence of any defects or imperfections within the material. Materials with high strength and ductility are generally more resistant to fatigue failure, as they are able to deform and absorb energy more effectively. In addition to material properties, the design and operating conditions of a component can also contribute to fatigue failure. Components that are subjected to high levels of stress, vibration, or temperature fluctuations are more susceptible to fatigue failure. Proper design and maintenance practices can help mitigate the risk of fatigue failure and extend the useful life of a material.- Fatigue failure is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that can have serious implications for the structural integrity and safety of materials. By understanding the mechanisms underlying fatigue failure and taking appropriate precautions, engineers and designers can minimize the risk of catastrophic failure and ensure the long-term performance of materials subjected to cyclic loading.
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