Ice ages influenced landscape from "summary" of Principles of Geology, Volume 1 by Charles Lyell,Sir Charles Lyell
The Earth's surface has been greatly modified by the action of ice, during a series of successive periods, to which the name of "glacial epochs" has been applied. These epochs were followed by long intervals, during which the temperature of the climate was higher than at present. The effects of ice on the land are found in every part of the globe. They consist of smoothed and polished surfaces, with scratches and grooves, called "striae." These striae indicate the direction in which the ice moved. The ice transported immense quantities of loose materials, such as boulders, gravel, sand, and clay, which it deposited in ridges and mounds, forming what are known as "drifts." The drifts vary in thickness from a few inches to several hundred feet. They contain fragments of rocks different from those on which they rest, showing that they must have been brought from a distance. The erratic blocks found in many parts of the world are also evidence of...
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