Earth's surface shaped by geological processes from "summary" of Principles of Geology, Volume 1 by Charles Lyell,Sir Charles Lyell
The Earth's surface is not fixed and unchanging, but is in a constant state of flux. This dynamic nature is a result of geological processes that have been shaping the planet for millions of years. These processes include the movement of tectonic plates, volcanic activity, erosion by wind and water, and the deposition of sediments. Tectonic plates are large slabs of rock that make up the Earth's crust. These plates are constantly moving, colliding, and sliding past each other. This movement causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains and valleys. Over time, the shape of continents and oceans has been drastically altered by the shifting of tectonic plates. Volcanic activity is another important geological process that shapes the Earth's surface. When molten rock, or magma, rises to the surface, it can erupt as lava, ash, and gases. This volcanic material can b...
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