Historical Background of Indian Constitution from "summary" of Objective Indian Polity General Studies Paper - 1 by M. Laxmikanth
The historical background of the Indian Constitution is rooted in the struggle for independence from British colonial rule. The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses against the British Raj. The demand for self-governance led to the formation of various committees and commissions to draft a constitution that would reflect the aspirations of the Indian people. The British government, under pressure from the Indian National Congress and other freedom fighters, appointed the Simon Commission in 1927 to propose constitutional reforms for India. However, the Commission was met with widespread protests and boycotts, as it did not have any Indian members. This led to the formation of the Nehru Report in 1928, which laid the foundation for a future Indian constitution based on principles of democracy, secularism, and federalism. The failure of the Round Table Conferences in the 1930s to reach a consensus on constitutional reforms further fueled the demand for complete independence. The Civil Disobedience Movement and Quit India Movement in the 1940s highlighted the need for a constitution that would guarantee fundamental rights and protect the interests of all citizens. The Indian National Congress, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, played a pivotal role in the framing of the Indian Constitution. The Constituent Assembly, established in 1946, comprised of representatives from various political parties and communities, worked tirelessly to draft a constitution that would reflect the diversity and unity of India. The Constitution of India, adopted on January 26, 1950, is a testament to the sacrifices and struggles of the freedom fighters who fought for a free and democratic nation. It embodies the ideals of justice, equality, and liberty, and serves as a guiding light for the world's largest democracy. The historical background of the Indian Constitution serves as a reminder of the resilience and determination of the Indian people to create a nation based on principles of democracy and social justice.
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