Central and State Governments from "summary" of Objective Indian Polity General Studies Paper - 1 by M. Laxmikanth
The Indian Constitution establishes a dual polity, consisting of the Central Government at the national level and State Governments at the regional level. Each of these levels of government has its own distinct powers and responsibilities, as outlined in the Constitution. The Central Government is responsible for matters that affect the entire country, such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency. It has the authority to make laws on these subjects and implement policies that impact the entire nation. The President of India is the head of the Central Government, with the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers assisting in the administration of the country. On the other hand, State Governments are responsible for matters that are more localized, such as law and order, education, and public health. Each State has its own government, with a Chief Minister leading the State Cabinet. State Governments have the power to make laws on subjects that fall within their jurisdiction, as outlined in the State List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. The relationship between the Central and State Governments is outlined in the Constitution to ensure a balance of power and cooperation between the two levels of government. The Constitution provides for a division of powers, with certain matters falling under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Central Government, certain matters falling under the exclusive jurisdiction of State Governments, and certain matters falling under the concurrent jurisdiction of both levels of government. In cases where there is a conflict between laws made by the Central and State Governments, the Constitution provides for the supremacy of Central laws. This ensures that there is a uniform legal framework throughout the country, while also allowing for flexibility and diversity in policy implementation at the State level.- The concept of Central and State Governments is central to the functioning of the Indian federal system. It provides for a division of powers, a balance of authority, and a framework for cooperation between different levels of government to ensure effective governance and administration across the country.
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