Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining ecological balance from "summary" of NCERT Solutions - Biology for Class 12th by Dr. Madhurbhashini,Sargam Hans,Shanya Hans
Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life forms in an ecosystem. It includes different species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as the genetic diversity within each species. This diversity is crucial for maintaining ecological balance because each species plays a unique role in the ecosystem. Every organism in an ecosystem is interconnected and dependent on each other for survival. For example, plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, which is essential for the survival of animals. In turn, animals help in pollination and seed dispersal, which is necessary for the reproduction of plants. This interdependence ensures the smooth functioning of the ecosystem. Furthermore, biodiversity helps in stabilizing the ecosystem by providing resilience against environmental changes. A diverse ecosystem is better equipped to adapt to disturbances such as climate change, natural disasters, and human activities. If one species becomes extinct, it can have a cascading effect on other species and disrupt the delicate balance of the ecosystem. Moreover, biodiversity is essential for providing various ecosystem services that are beneficial to humans. These services include clean air and water, fertile soil for agriculture, natural resources for food and medicine, and regulation of climate and diseases. Without biodiversity, these services would be compromised, leading to negative impacts on human health and well-being.- It is essential to conserve and protect biodiversity to ensure the sustainability of ecosystems and the overall health of the planet. Conservation efforts such as the establishment of protected areas, sustainable land use practices, and restoration of habitats are necessary to maintain ecological balance. By preserving biodiversity, we can secure a healthy environment for future generations and promote the well-being of all living organisms.
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