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Marketbased approaches are often more effective than command-and-control from "summary" of Economics of the Environment by Robert N. Stavins

Market-based approaches are often more effective than command-and-control regulations in achieving environmental goals. This is because market mechanisms, such as emissions trading systems or pollution taxes, provide economic incentives for firms to reduce their pollution levels. When firms are faced with the prospect of having to pay for their pollution, they have a strong incentive to find cost-effective ways to reduce their emissions. This can lead to innovation and the development of new, cleaner technologies. In contrast, command-and-control regulations set specific pollution limits for each firm without taking into account the costs of compliance. This can lead to inefficiencies, as firms may not have the flexibility to find the most cost-effective ways to reduce their pollution. Additionally, command-and-control regulations can be difficult and costly to enforce, ...
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    Economics of the Environment

    Robert N. Stavins

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