The process of evolution is driven by natural selection from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
Natural selection is a key concept in the process of evolution. It refers to the mechanism by which certain traits within a population are favored over others, leading to changes in the gene pool over time. The basic premise of natural selection is that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to future generations. One of the main drivers of natural selection is the environment in which a population lives. Environmental factors such as climate, food availability, predators, and competition for resources can all influence which traits are beneficial for survival and reproduction. For example, in a cold climate, individuals with thicker fur may be more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the genes for thick fur to their offspring. Another key aspect of natural selection is variation within a population. Not all individuals are identical, and some may have traits that make them better suited to their environment than others. This variation is essential for natural selection to operate, as it provides the raw material for evolution to occur. Over time, as individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce, those traits become more common in the population. This process of change over generations is what we refer to as evolution. Through natural selection, populations can adapt to their environment and evolve new traits that increase their chances of survival and reproduction.- Natural selection is a fundamental mechanism driving the process of evolution. By favoring certain traits over others based on their advantages in a given environment, natural selection leads to changes in the gene pool of a population over time. This process of adaptation and change is essential for the survival and success of species in a dynamic and ever-changing world.
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