Gene expression is regulated by transcription and translation from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
The process of gene expression is crucial for the functioning of living organisms. It involves the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA and the subsequent translation of RNA into proteins. These two processes, transcription and translation, play a significant role in regulating gene expression. Transcription is the first step in gene expression where a specific segment of DNA is transcribed into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This RNA molecule, known as messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The transcription process is tightly regulated by various factors such as transcription factors, enhancers, and repressors. These regulatory elements control when and where a gene is transcribed, thus influencing gene expression. Once t...
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