The immune system protects the body from pathogens from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens. These pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and other foreign invaders that can cause disease. The immune system is essential for maintaining overall health and well-being. One of the key functions of the immune system is to recognize and destroy pathogens that enter the body. This process involves a series of steps that are carried out by various components of the immune system. When a pathogen enters the body, the immune system is able to identify it as a foreign invader and mount a response to eliminate it. The immune response is divided into two main categories: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and is non-specific, meaning it does not target specific pathogens. This includes physical barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils that can engulf and destroy pathogens. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is a more specific and targeted response that is tailored to the specific pathogen that is encountered. This type of immunity involves the production of antibodies and the activation of immune cells that can specifically target and destroy the invading pathogen. Adaptive immunity also provides long-lasting protection against future infections by the same pathogen.- The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body from pathogens and maintaining overall health. Without a functioning immune system, the body would be vulnerable to a wide range of infections and diseases. By recognizing and eliminating pathogens, the immune system helps to keep the body healthy and free from harm.
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