Parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism are types of symbiotic relationships from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
In nature, organisms often interact with each other in various ways. These interactions can be classified into different types of symbiotic relationships. One such type is parasitism, where one organism benefits at the expense of another. The organism that benefits is called the parasite, while the one that is harmed is known as the host. Parasitism is a common phenomenon in nature, with parasites relying on their hosts for nutrients and shelter. This relationship can be harmful to the host, leading to diseases and other negative effects. On the other hand, the parasite benefits from this association, as it gains access to resources that it would not have otherwise. Another type of symbiotic relationship is mutualism, where both organisms involved benefit from the interaction. In mutualism, both parties provide something of value to each other, leading to a mutually beneficial relationship. This can include things like nutrient exchange, protection, or other forms of support. Commensalism is yet another type of symbiotic relationship, where one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. In this type of relationship, one organism may use another for resources or shelter without affecting the host in any significant way. While the commensal organism benefits, the host is generally unaffected by the interaction.- Understanding these different types of symbiotic relationships can help us appreciate the complexity of interactions in nature. By studying how organisms interact with each other, we can gain insights into the intricate web of relationships that exist in ecosystems around the world.
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