Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life from "summary" of NCERT Exemplar Problems-Solutions BIOLOGY class 12th by Arihant Experts
The concept of "Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life" is a fundamental principle in biology. Cells are the building blocks of all living organisms, from simple unicellular organisms to complex multicellular organisms like humans. Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, each performing specific functions that contribute to the overall functioning of the organism. Cells are highly organized structures with specific functions that are essential for life. They are enclosed by a plasma membrane that regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell. Within the cell, various organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus perform specialized functions that are necessary for the survival of the cell. The structural and functional complexity of cells is remarkable. Each organelle within the cell is like a small machine, carrying out specific tasks that are crucial for the overall functioning of the cell. For example, the nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell, the mitochondria produce energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis. The concept of the cell being the basic unit of life is supported by the fact that all cells arise from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division. This process ensures that genetic information is passed down from one generation of cells to the next, allowing for the continuity of life. Furthermore, the diversity of life can be attributed to the different types of cells that exist, each adapted to perform specific functions in a particular organism. For example, muscle cells are specialized for contraction, nerve cells for communication, and red blood cells for oxygen transport.- The concept of "Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life" is essential for understanding the biology of living organisms. Cells are highly organized structures with specialized functions that work together to sustain life. Without cells, life as we know it would not exist.
