Rajya Sabha from "summary" of Indian Polity and Constitution Book by Mocktime Publication
The Rajya Sabha, also known as the Council of States, is one of the two houses of Parliament in India, the other being the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. One-third of its members retire every two years, and are replaced by newly elected members. The Rajya Sabha is a representative body that reflects the federal character of the Indian polity. It is a forum for the states and union territories to have a voice in the central government. Unlike the Lok Sabha, which represents the people directly, the Rajya Sabha represents the states and union territories indirectly. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the states and union territories. Each state is allocated a certain number of seats in the Rajya Sabha, based on its population. The President of India can also nominate 12 members to the Rajya Sabha, who have special knowledge or practical experience in fields such as literature, science, art, and social service. The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. In his absence, the Deputy Chairman presides over the proceedings. The Rajya Sabha has several powers and functions, including making laws on matters of national importance, approving bills passed by the Lok Sabha, and representing the interests of the states in the central government. The Rajya Sabha has the power to initiate and pass bills, except for money bills, which can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha. It also has the power to discuss and debate important issues, and hold the government accountable for its actions. The Rajya Sabha plays a crucial role in the legislative process and in shaping the policies of the central government.
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