Magnetic fields are created by moving charges from "summary" of Fundamentals of Physics, Volume 1 (Chapters 1 - 20) by David Halliday,Robert Resnick,Jearl Walker
The fundamental concept underlying the creation of magnetic fields is the motion of electric charges. Whenever an electric charge is in motion, it generates a magnetic field in the space surrounding it. This relationship between moving charges and magnetic fields is a key principle in the study of electromagnetism. The existence of magnetic fields around moving charges was first discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820. He observed that a current-carrying wire caused a nearby compass needle to deflect, indicating the presence of a magnetic field. This groundbreaking experiment demonstrated the intimate connection between electricity and magnetism. The direction of the magnetic field produced by a moving charge is perpendicular to both the direction of the charge's motion and the direction of the force experienced by the charge in a magnetic field. This relationship is described by the right-hand rule, which allows us to determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire or a moving charge. The strength of the magnetic field generated by a moving charge depends on factors such as the magnitude of the charge, the speed of its motion, and the distance from the charge. The mathematical relationship between these variables is described by the Biot-Savart law and Ampère's law, which provide a quantitative understanding of how magnetic fields are created by moving charges. In summary, the concept that magnetic fields are created by moving charges is a fundamental principle in electromagnetism. The motion of electric charges gives rise to magnetic fields, which play a crucial role in many phenomena, from the behavior of compass needles to the operation of electric motors and generators. Understanding this relationship is essential for grasping the intricate interplay between electricity and magnetism in the natural world.
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