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Effective pronunciation teaching involves a focus on both segmental and suprasegmental aspects from "summary" of English Pronunciation Teaching and Research by Martha C. Pennington,Pamela Rogerson-Revell
Effective pronunciation teaching involves paying attention to both segmental and suprasegmental aspects. Segmental features include individual sounds or phonemes, while suprasegmental features encompass features like stress, intonation, and rhythm. Segmental features are crucial because they determine the identity of a word. Teaching segmental features involves focusing on individual sounds, minimal pairs, and phonemic contrasts. This helps learners distinguish between similar sounds that may cause confusion, such as /l/ and /r/ for Japanese learners of English. Suprasegmental features, on the other hand, affect the meaning and naturalness of speech. Intonation, for example, can change a statement into a question. Stress can alter the meaning of a word, as in the difference between 'project' (noun) and 'project' (verb). Rhythm influences the flow and comprehensibility of speech. The relationship between segmental and suprasegmental features is intricate. Changes in stress can lead to changes in vowel quality, for instance. Intonation can affect the perception of segmental features, as in the case of rising intonation at the end of sentences. To effectively teach pronunciation, instructors must strike a balance between segmental and suprasegmental aspects. Neglecting one in favor of the other can hinder learners' ability to communicate clearly and effectively. By addressing both types of features, teachers can help learners develop accurate pronunciation and natural-sounding speech.
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