Evolution is driven by genetic changes over time from "summary" of El gen / The Gene: An Intimate History by Siddhartha Mukherjee
Genes are the fundamental units of heredity, containing the instructions for building and maintaining an organism. Over time, genetic changes occur in a population, shaping the course of evolution. These changes can be caused by a variety of factors, from random mutations to environmental pressures. Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the proteins produced by genes. Some mutations are harmful, while others may confer an advantage in a particular environment. Natural selection acts on these variations, allowing organisms with advantageous traits to survive and reproduce, passing on their genes to the next generation. As generations pass, the accumulation of genetic changes can lead to the emergence of new species. This process, known as speciation, is driven by the gradual divergence of populations as they adapt to different environments or exploit new niches. Over millions...
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