Complexity can emerge from simple rules from "summary" of Darwin's Dangerous Idea by Daniel C. Dennett
The idea that complexity can emerge from simple rules is a central concept in evolutionary theory. It suggests that the intricate patterns and structures we see in nature can arise from the interaction of very basic processes. This notion challenges our intuitions about how complex systems are created, as we tend to assume that complex outcomes require equally complex inputs. However, as Darwin showed, this is not necessarily the case. By observing the natural world, Darwin was able to discern the simple rules that govern the process of natural selection. Organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to future generations. Over time, this process can lead to the emergence of incredibly complex forms of life, all stemming from the simple principle of differential reproductive success. The key insight here is that complexity does not need to be explicitly designed or guided. Instead, it can arise spontaneously from the interplay of chance and necessi...
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