Drug metabolism in the body from "summary" of Chemistry for Pharmacy Students by Lutfun Nahar,Professor Satyajit D. Sarker
Drug metabolism in the body plays a crucial role in determining the fate of drugs once they enter the system. It refers to the biochemical processes that a drug undergoes within the body to be broken down and eliminated. The primary goal of drug metabolism is to convert the drug into a more water-soluble compound that can be easily excreted from the body. There are two main phases of drug metabolism: Phase I and Phase II. Phase I metabolism involves chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, which serve to make the drug more polar and easier to eliminate. These reactions are typically carried out by enzymes such as cytochrome P450, which play a key role in the metabolism of a wide range of drugs. Phase II metabolism, on the other hand, involves conjugation reactions where the drug or its metabolites are combined with endogenous molecules such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, or amino acids. This conjugation process further increases the water solubility of the drug, facilitating its excretion from the body.- Drug metabolism serves an essential function in ensuring that foreign substances, such as drugs, are effectively processed and eliminated from the body. Understanding the mechanisms of drug metabolism is crucial for pharmacists and healthcare professionals in determining appropriate dosages, predicting drug interactions, and minimizing the risk of adverse effects. By studying drug metabolism, researchers can also develop new drugs with improved pharmacokinetic properties and reduced toxicity.
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